Fig. 3

Fecal matter transplant restores GFAP + astrocytes and PAA in the brains of male APPPS1-21 mice. (A) Experimental schematic. (B) Representative merged (a, d), GFAP (b, e) and Aβ (c, f) immunosignal images from ABX M (a-c) and ABX + FMT M (d-f). (C) Quantification of GFAP + astrocytes/µm². (D) GFAP + astrocyte percent area. (E) Plaque-associated astrocytes/µm². (F) Plaque-associated astrocyte percent area. (G) Plaque-associated astrocytes/µm² normalized to Aβ plaques/µm² in ABX male and ABX-FMT male APPPS1-21 mice. M = male. Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ABX M N = 10, ABX + FMT M N = 9. Statistics calculated using two-tailed unpaired student’s t-tests. 4 sections used per animal. * denotes a p-value ≤ 0.05, ** indicates p-value ≤ 0.01, *** indicates p-value ≤ 0.001, and **** indicates a p-value of ≤ 0.0001. Scale bar indicates 100 µm