Fig. 1
From: Mechanism and therapeutic potential of targeting cGAS-STING signaling in neurological disorders
Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by cytosolic DNA. Foreign (bacterial, viral) or self (mitochondrial, genomic) DNA in the cytosol can be sensed by cGAS, which produces cGAMP from ATP and GTP. cGAMP binds to and phosphorylates STING, inducing STING activation. STING further translocates from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Phosphorylated STING recruits TBK1 and the IKK kinase, triggering innate immune response, including transcription of IFN-I and other immunomodulatory genes via phosphorylating IRF3 or activating NF-κB, respectively