Table 2 Studies investigating changes in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus in aging and tauopathies
Tauopathy | Reference | Subjects | Tau inclusion(b) | Evidence of neuronal death(c) | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Age at death (years) (a) | Described diagnosis (Pathologically confirmed) | |||||
AD | Swaab et al. (1985) [9] | M:12 F:16 | M: 16–85; mean [SEM]: 46[7] F: 10–93; mean [SEM]: 58[7] | Non-demented | Not tested | Control | Astrocytosis |
M:1 F: 3 | Pooled M/F; mean [SEM]: 79[5] | SDAT (Senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type) | Not tested | * (AVP, number) ** (AVP, volume) | |||
Swaab et al. (1992) [14] | M: 4 F: 3 | M: 47–85; mean [SEM]: 72[9] F: 59–91; mean [SEM]: 79[10] | Non-demented | Absent | Control | ||
M: 5 F: 7 | M: 45–97; mean [SEM]: 71[9] F: 56–90; mean [SEM]: 75[5] | Alzheimer’s disease | Mild (only a very few/some)(b) | ** | |||
Zhou et al. (1995) [12] | M: 24 F: 22 | M: 26–82; mean [SEM]: 53[3] F: 26–81; mean [SEM]: 53[3] | No primary neurological or psychiatric disease | Not tested | Control | ||
M: 11 F: 10 | M: 51–84; mean [SEM]: 68[4] F: 59–83; mean [SEM]: 71[3] | Alzheimer’s disease | Not tested | ** (VIP, number) ** (VIP, volume) | |||
Stopa et al. (1999) [10] | Pooled M/F: 10 | Pooled M/F: mean [SEM]: 63[12] | Non-demented | Absent | Control | ||
Pooled M/F: 19 | Pooled M/F: mean [SEM]: 72[8] (d) | Alzheimer’s disease (Probable; NINCDS-ADRDA) | Rare | *** (AVP) | |||
Wu et al. (2007) [13] | M: 11 F: 13 | M: 19–83; mean [SEM]: 52[8] F: 21–85; mean [SEM]: 45[5] | Non-demented | Not tested | Control | ||
M: 4 F: 7 | M: 64–87; mean [SEM]: 71[5] F: 65–82; mean [SEM]: 73[2] | Alzheimer’s disease (Preclinical) | Not tested | NS (AVP/VIP number) NS (AVP/VIP density) | |||
M: 4 F: 7 | M: 64–83; mean [SEM]: 72[5] F: 59–86; mean [SEM]: 72[4] | Alzheimer’s disease (Late clinical) | Not tested | * (AVP/VIP number) * (AVP/VIP density) | |||
Harper et al. (2008) [11] | M: 5 F: 4 | Pooled M/F: mean [SEM]: 64[11] | Non-demented | Not tested | Control | ||
M: 17–19 (e) F: 0 | Pooled M/F: mean [SEM]: 70[7] | Alzheimer’s disease (Pooled early (Braak III-IV) and late (Braak V-VI; including LBD) | Not tested | ** (AVP) *** (NT) | Increased Glia/Neuron ratio | ||
Wang et al. (2015) [15] | Pooled M/F: 10 | Pooled M/F: mean [SD]: 91[6] | Non-demented | Not tested | Pooled subjects and assessed a correlation coefficient between the number of VIP-SCN neurons and circadian actigraphy data (VIP only): R = 0.83 P = 0.008 | Delayed circadian activity rhythm phase | |
Pooled M/F: 7 | Pooled M/F: mean [SD]: 90[5] | Alzheimer’s disease | Not tested | ||||
PiD | Harper et al. (2008) [11] | M: 5 F: 4 | Pooled M/F: mean[SEM]: 64 11] | Non-demented | Not tested | Control | |
M: 2 (PiD only; (f)) F: 0 | Non-mentioned | Pick’s disease | Not tested | ** (AVP) | |||
Stopa et al. (1999) [10] | Pooled M/F: 13 | Pooled M/F: mean[SEM]: 63[12] | Non-demented | Not tested | Control | ||
Pooled M/F: 3 | Pooled M/F: mean[SEM]: 72[8] (d) | Pick’s disease | Not tested | * (NT) | |||
CBD | Harper et al. (2008) [11] | M: 5 F: 4 | Pooled M/F: mean[SEM]: 64[11] | Non-demented | Not tested | Control | |
M: 2/ F: 0 | Non-mentioned | Corticobasal degeneration | Not tested | ** (AVP) | |||
PSP | De Pablo-Fernandes et al. (2018) [21] | Pooled M/F: 5 | Pooled M/F: median (IQR): 84 (78–88) (g) | Non-demented | Absent | Control | |
Pooled M/F: 5 | Pooled M/F: median (IQR): 74 (70–81) (g) | Progressive supranuclear palsy | 2 subjects: Mild 3 subjects: Moderate | Not tested | |||