Cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric correlates of regional tau pathology in autopsy-confirmed chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Table 3 Descriptive statistics of informant-completed standardized clinical scales

	Total Sample of Brain Donors with CTE (including donors with comorbid neurodegenerative pathology)			CTE Stage I/II^a(excluding donors with comorbid neurodegenerative pathology)			CTE Stage III/IV^a(excluding donors with comorbid neurodegenerative pathology)
	Mean	SD	Impaired; n (%)	Mean	SD	Impaired; n (%)	Mean	SD	Impaired; n (%)
Cognitive Function
CDS, n = 336	92.99	47.32	–	64.24	36.25	–	91.73	43.25	–
BRIEF-A MI, n = 335	89.01	21.81	254 (75.8)	84.49	21.27	67 (65.7)	86.81	20.44	86 (76.8)
Daily Function
FAQ, n = 348	14.73	11.57	204 (58.6)	5.80	7.13	24 (22.2)	15.52	11.09	76 (66.1)
Neurobehavioral Dysregulation
BIS-11, n = 333	72.3	16.27	–	75.56	16.88	–	72.89	15.09	–
BRIEF-A BRI, n = 335	65.07	15.32	245 (73.1)	65.62	15.10	72 (70.6)	65.14	15.35	84 (75.0)
Brown-Goodwin-Adult Sum, n = 315	17.36	6.04	–	21.77	6.91	–	20.71	7.09	–
Depression and Apathy
GDS-15, n = 337	8.81	4.41	265 (78.6)	9.41	4.76	78 (76.5)	8.58	4.17	91 (79.8)
AES, n = 331	48.40	14.31	265 (80.1)	44.15	14.23	71 (71.7)	48.54	13.25	93 (83.8)

Abbreviations: CTE Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CDS Cognitive Difficulties Scale, BRIEF-A Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults, MI Metacognition Index, FAQ Functional Activities Questionnaire, BIS-11 Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, 15-item version, AES Apathy Evaluation Scale, AD Alzheimer’s disease, LBD Lewy body disease, FTLD Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, MND Motor neuron disease
Note. Sample sizes vary across scales due to missing data and are based on the total sample. BRIEF-A MI and BRI are T-scores and a T ≥ 65 reflects clinically meaningful symptoms of executive dysfunction and behavioral dysregulation, respectively. A score of 9 or higher on the FAQ is indicative of functional impairment and scores of 5 and 34 or higher on the GDS-15 and AES represent clinically meaningful symptoms of depression and apathy, respectively. For the remaining scales, strongly supported cutoffs have not been identified in the literature
^aBrain donors with comorbid neurodegenerative pathologies were excluded (i.e., AD, LBD, FTLD, MND)

ISSN: 1750-1326