Fig. 1From: Mitovesicles secreted into the extracellular space of brains with mitochondrial dysfunction impair synaptic plasticityThe number of mitovesicles in the brain of Ts2 mice is higher than controls. (A) Western blot analyses of EVs isolated from brains of 2N and Ts2 mice. BH: brain homogenate. KDa: kilodaltons. (B-C) Cryo-EM photomicrographs (B) and diameter (C) of Fr8 EVs (mitovesicle-enriched; ‘mtV’) from 2N (n = 148 EVs, 3 mice) and Ts2 (n = 214 EVs, 3 mice) brains. Fr1 EVs (microvesicle-enriched; n = 184 EVs, 3 mice) are the controls. Scale bar: 200 nm. Data are shown as a violin plot. Fr1 EVs vs. mitovesicles P < 0.0001; 2N vs. Ts2 mitovesicles P = 0.1713. Kruskal-Wallis H test by ranks with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. (D) NTA diameter of mitovesicles from the brain of 2N (n = 14) and Ts2 (n = 19) mice. Distributions normalized to the mode. Trendline: four-point moving average. Genotype P = 0.6271. In (D-G), bars are mean ± SEM and the statistical test used was ordinary two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. (E, F) Hydrodynamic size analyses of mitovesicles isolated from 2N (n = 8 males, 9 females) and Ts2 (n = 13 males, 8 females) brains. In (E), for the mean, genotype P = 0.8430, sex P = 0.6148, genotype X sex P = 0.1957, 2N vs. Ts2 within males P = 0.5421, 2N vs. Ts2 within females P = 0.9016; for the median, genotype P = 0.5832, sex P = 0.5298, genotype X sex P = 0.2900, 2N vs. Ts2 within males P = 0.4773, 2N vs. Ts2 within females P > 0.9999. In (F), genotype P = 0.9970, 2N vs. Ts2 for each bin: P > 0.9999. (G) Mitovesicle number isolated from 2N (n = 8 males, 9 females) and Ts2 (n = 12 males, 10 females) brains, quantified by NTA. Genotype P < 0.0001, sex P = 0.6170, genotype X sex P = 0.7450, 2N vs. Ts2 within males P = 0.0027, 2N vs. Ts2 within females P = 0.0098. ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001Back to article page