From: Ryanodine receptors: physiological function and deregulation in Alzheimer disease
AD samples/models | Brain regions/study systems | AD stage (*) | RyR expression (**) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human AD post-mortem brains | Hippocampal regions (Subiculum, CA1, CA2) | Early stages (I-II) | ↑ [3H] RyR binding | [107] |
Human AD post-mortem brains | Hippocampal regions (Subiculum, CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4) | Late stages (V-VI) | ↔ [3H] RyR binding | [107] |
↓RyR2 mRNA | ||||
PS1 L285V, PS1M146V mutations | PC12 cells | ↑ RyR3 mRNA and protein | [95] | |
PS1M146V KI Tg mice | Primary neurons | |||
Human AD post-mortem brains | mid frontal cortex | ↓RyR2-3 mRNA splice variants | [108] | |
MCI post-mortem brains | mid temporal and mid frontal cortex | ↑RyR2 mRNA; ↔ RyR3 mRNA | [108] | |
mid frontal cortex | ↓RyR2 mRNA splice variant; | |||
mid temporal cortex | ↑RyR2 mRNA splice variant | |||
Extracellular Aβ42 application | Primary cortical neurons | ↑RyR3 mRNA; | [91] | |
↔ RyR1-2 mRNA | ||||
CRDN8 Tg mice | Primary cortical neurons | 4-4.5 (mo) | ↑RyR3 mRNA | [91] |
Whole brains | ↑RyR3 protein | |||
3xTgAD mice | Primary hippocampal neurons | ↑RyR protein | [78] | |
PS1M146V KI Tg mice 3xTgAD mice | Whole brains | 6 (w) | ↑RyR protein | |
6 (mo) | ↔ RyR protein | |||
1.5 (Y) | ↑RyR protein | |||
3xTgAD mice | Hippocampus | 6-8 (w) | ↑RyR2 mRNA; | |
↔ RyR1-3 mRNA | ||||
Tg2576 mice | Cortex | 15-18 (mo) | ↑RyR2 mRNA; | [92] |
↔ RyR1-3 mRNA | ||||
↑RyR proteins | ||||
APPWt and APPswe mutation | SH-SY5Y cells | ↑RyR1-2-3 mRNA | [92] | |
↑RyR proteins | ||||
PScDKO Tg mice | Hippocampus | 2 (mo) | ↓ RyR proteins | [97] |
↓ [3H] RyR binding | ||||
↔ RyR mRNA | ||||
Subletal Aβ oligomers | Primary hippocampal neurons | ↓ RyR 2–3 mRNA | [105] | |
↓ RyR 2 protein | ||||
APPswePS1L166P Tg mice | Hippocampus | 3 and 6 (mo) | ↑RyR 2–3 protein | [111] |