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  1. CD33 is genetically linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) susceptibility through differential expression of isoforms in microglia. The role of the human CD33 short isoform (hCD33m), preferentially encoded by an A...

    Authors: Abhishek Bhattacherjee, Jaesoo Jung, Sameera Zia, Madelene Ho, Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi, Chris D. St. Laurent, Kelli A. McCord, Arjun Bains, Gaurav Sidhu, Susmita Sarkar, Jason R. Plemel and Matthew S. Macauley
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:19
  2. Recent studies suggest that microglia contribute to tau pathology progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Amyloid plaque accumulation transforms microglia, the primary innate immune cells in the brain, into neurod...

    Authors: Kevin Clayton, Jean Christophe Delpech, Shawn Herron, Naotoshi Iwahara, Maria Ericsson, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C. Saido, Seiko Ikezu and Tsuneya Ikezu
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:18

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:24

  3. The most common mutation in the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2), G2019S, causes familial Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and renders the encoded protein kinase hyperactive. While targeting LRRK2 activity is...

    Authors: Jillian H. Kluss, Melissa Conti Mazza, Yan Li, Claudia Manzoni, Patrick A. Lewis, Mark R. Cookson and Adamantios Mamais
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:17
  4. Oxidative stress is a common cause of neurodegeneration and plays a central role in retinal degenerative diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is a redox-regulated enzyme that is induced in neurodegenerative dise...

    Authors: Huirong Li, Bo Liu, Lili Lian, Jiajia Zhou, Shengjin Xiang, Yifan Zhai, Yu Chen, Xiaoyin Ma, Wencan Wu and Ling Hou
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:16
  5. Emerging evidence indicates that impaired mitophagy-mediated clearance of defective mitochondria is a critical event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) metabolism and the microtubule-a...

    Authors: Vicente Roca-Agujetas, Elisabet Barbero-Camps, Cristina de Dios, Petar Podlesniy, Xenia Abadin, Albert Morales, Montserrat Marí, Ramon Trullàs and Anna Colell
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:15
  6. Before the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and the onset of learning memory deficits, patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experience olfactory dysfunction, typified by a reduced ability to detect, discri...

    Authors: Ming Chen, Yunan Chen, Qingwei Huo, Lei Wang, Shuyi Tan, Afzal Misrani, Jinxiang Jiang, Jian Chen, Shiyuan Chen, Jiawei Zhang, Sidra Tabassum, Jichen Wang, Xi Chen, Cheng Long and Li Yang
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:14
  7. Physiological disturbances in cortical network excitability and plasticity are established and widespread in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients, including those harb...

    Authors: Emma M. Perkins, Karen Burr, Poulomi Banerjee, Arpan R. Mehta, Owen Dando, Bhuvaneish T. Selvaraj, Daumante Suminaite, Jyoti Nanda, Christopher M. Henstridge, Thomas H. Gillingwater, Giles E. Hardingham, David J. A. Wyllie, Siddharthan Chandran and Matthew R. Livesey
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:13
  8. Inherited optic neuropathies are the most common mitochondrial diseases, leading to neurodegeneration involving the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve degeneration and central visual loss...

    Authors: Majida Charif, Yvette C. Wong, Soojin Kim, Agnès Guichet, Catherine Vignal, Xavier Zanlonghi, Philippe Bensaid, Vincent Procaccio, Dominique Bonneau, Patrizia Amati-Bonneau, Pascal Reynier, Dimitri Krainc and Guy Lenaers
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:12
  9. High-density oligomers of the prion protein (HDPs) have previously been identified in brain tissues of patients with rapidly progressive Alzheimer’s disease (rpAD). The current investigation aims at identifyin...

    Authors: Mohsin Shafiq, Saima Zafar, Neelam Younas, Aneeqa Noor, Berta Puig, Hermann Clemens Altmeppen, Matthias Schmitz, Jakob Matschke, Isidre Ferrer, Markus Glatzel and Inga Zerr
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:11
  10. We generated a mouse model of primary microglial dysfunction by deleting two negative immune regulatory genes, Cx3cr1 and Socs3 (in LysM+ cells). This study aimed to understand how primary microglial dysfunction ...

    Authors: Xuan Du, Rosana Penalva, Karis Little, Adrien Kissenpfennig, Mei Chen and Heping Xu
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:9
  11. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, with brain pathology defined by extracellular amyloid beta deposits and intracellular tau aggregates. To aid in research efforts...

    Authors: Brittany S. Ulm, David R. Borchelt and Brenda D. Moore
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:8
  12. Strokes are becoming less severe due to increased numbers of intensive care units and improved treatments. As patients survive longer, post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) has become a major health public i...

    Authors: Adrien Cogo, Gabrielle Mangin, Benjamin Maïer, Jacques Callebert, Mikael Mazighi, Hughes Chabriat, Jean-Marie Launay, Gilles Huberfeld and Nathalie Kubis
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:7
  13. Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contri...

    Authors: Velma T. E. Aho, Madelyn C. Houser, Pedro A. B. Pereira, Jianjun Chang, Knut Rudi, Lars Paulin, Vicki Hertzberg, Petri Auvinen, Malú G. Tansey and Filip Scheperjans
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:6
  14. Genome-wide association studies have established clusterin (CLU) as a genetic modifier for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both protective and risk alleles have been identified which may be associated wit...

    Authors: Fading Chen, Dan B. Swartzlander, Anamitra Ghosh, John D. Fryer, Baiping Wang and Hui Zheng
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:5
  15. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurological disease in the elderly with increasing morbidity and mortality. Despite enormous efforts, rapid and accurate diagnosis of PD is still compromised. Metabolom...

    Authors: Yaping Shao, Tianbai Li, Zheyi Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Xiaojiao Xu, Song Li, Guowang Xu and Weidong Le
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:4
  16. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain. Historically, analysis of CSF has focused on protein changes, yet recent studies have shed light on cellular alter...

    Authors: Hamilton Oh, Olivia Leventhal, Divya Channappa, Victor W. Henderson, Tony Wyss-Coray, Benoit Lehallier and David Gate
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:3
  17. Successful development of agents that improve cognition and behavior in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critical to improving the lives of patients manifesting the symptoms of this progressive disorder.

    Authors: Jeffrey Cummings
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:2

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:21

  18. TDP-43 proteinopathy is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). So far, there is no therapy available for the...

    Authors: Sunny Kumar, Daniel Phaneuf, Pierre Cordeau Jr., Hejer Boutej, Jasna Kriz and Jean-Pierre Julien
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2021 16:1
  19. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clusterin (CLU) gene confers a risk for AD and CLU is highly upregulated in AD patients, with the co...

    Authors: Aleksandra M. Wojtas, Jonathon P. Sens, Silvia S. Kang, Kelsey E. Baker, Taylor J. Berry, Aishe Kurti, Lillian Daughrity, Karen R. Jansen-West, Dennis W. Dickson, Leonard Petrucelli, Guojun Bu, Chia-Chen Liu and John D. Fryer
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:71
  20. Tau pathology is a major age-related event in Down syndrome with Alzheimer’s disease (DS-AD). Although recently, several different Tau PET tracers have been developed as biomarkers for AD, these tracers showed...

    Authors: L. Lemoine, A. Ledreux, E. J. Mufson, S. E. Perez, G. Simic, E. Doran, I. Lott, S. Carroll, K. Bharani, S. Thomas, A. Gilmore, E. D. Hamlett, A. Nordberg and A. C. Granholm
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:68
  21. The neurovascular unit (NVU) – the interaction between the neurons and the cerebrovasculature – is increasingly important to interrogate through human-based experimental models. Although advanced models of cer...

    Authors: Jerome Robert, Nicholas L. Weilinger, Li-Ping Cao, Stefano Cataldi, Emily B. Button, Sophie Stukas, Emma M. Martin, Philip Seibler, Megan Gilmour, Tara M. Caffrey, Elyn M. Rowe, Jianjia Fan, Brian MacVicar, Matthew J. Farrer and Cheryl L. Wellington
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:70
  22. The activity of γ-secretase is critical to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). How its activity is regulated is intriguing and highly important for any AD therapy that focuses on reduction of toxic a...

    Authors: Annie Y. Yao and Riqiang Yan
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:69
  23. Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. To date, animal models of Alzheimer’s have focused on rare familial mutations, due to a lack of frank neuropathology from mo...

    Authors: Christoph Preuss, Ravi Pandey, Erin Piazza, Alexander Fine, Asli Uyar, Thanneer Perumal, Dylan Garceau, Kevin P. Kotredes, Harriet Williams, Lara M. Mangravite, Bruce T. Lamb, Adrian L. Oblak, Gareth R. Howell, Michael Sasner, Benjamin A. Logsdon and Gregory W. Carter
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:67
  24. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D) plays an important role in conferring the risk for AD. Although AD and T2D share common features, the common mole...

    Authors: Teemu Natunen, Henna Martiskainen, Mikael Marttinen, Sami Gabbouj, Hennariikka Koivisto, Susanna Kemppainen, Satu Kaipainen, Mari Takalo, Helena Svobodová, Luukas Leppänen, Benjam Kemiläinen, Simo Ryhänen, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Eija Rahunen, Sisko Juutinen, Petra Mäkinen…
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:66
  25. A defining pathological hallmark of the progressive neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the accumulation of misfolded tau with abnormal post-translational modifications (PTMs). These include...

    Authors: Sanjib Guha, Sarah Fischer, Gail V. W. Johnson and Keith Nehrke
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:65
  26. The spread of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mediated by cell-to-cell transmission of pathological tau seeds released from neurons that, upon internalization by recipient neurons, template the mi...

    Authors: Garrett S. Gibbons, Soo-Jung Kim, Qihui Wu, Dawn M. Riddle, Susan N. Leight, Lakshmi Changolkar, Hong Xu, Emily S. Meymand, Mia O’Reilly, Bin Zhang, Kurt R. Brunden, John Q. Trojanowski and Virginia M. Y. Lee
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:64
  27. Investigations of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, the major genetic risk modifier for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have yielded significant insights into the pathogenic mechanism. Among the three common coding variant...

    Authors: Zonghua Li, Francis Shue, Na Zhao, Mitsuru Shinohara and Guojun Bu
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:63
  28. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed in the brain exclusively on microglia and genetic variants are linked to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), fro...

    Authors: Vaishnavi S. Jadhav, Peter B. C. Lin, Taylor Pennington, Gonzalo Viana Di Prisco, Asha Jacob Jannu, Guixiang Xu, Miguel Moutinho, Jie Zhang, Brady K. Atwood, Shweta S. Puntambekar, Stephanie J. Bissel, Adrian L. Oblak, Gary E. Landreth and Bruce T. Lamb
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:62
  29. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an adult-onset mental disorder with aging as a major risk factor. Early and progressive degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) contributes substantially to cogn...

    Authors: Shuaipeng Ma, Tong Zang, Meng-Lu Liu and Chun-Li Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:61
  30. Three amino acid differences between rodent and human APP affect medically important features, including β-secretase cleavage of APP and Aβ peptide aggregation (De Strooper et al., EMBO J 14:4932-38, 1995; Uen...

    Authors: Lutgarde Serneels, Dries T’Syen, Laura Perez-Benito, Tom Theys, Matthew G. Holt and Bart De Strooper
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:60
  31. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and the formation of neuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Chro...

    Authors: Karim Belarbi, Elodie Cuvelier, Marie-Amandine Bonte, Mazarine Desplanque, Bernard Gressier, David Devos and Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:59
  32. Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are etiologically and biologically heterogeneous diseases. The pathobiology of motor neuron degeneration is still largely unknown, and no effective therapy is available. Heterogene...

    Authors: Elisabetta Zucchi, Valentina Bonetto, Gianni Sorarù, Ilaria Martinelli, Piero Parchi, Rocco Liguori and Jessica Mandrioli
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:58
  33. The Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (i.e. ApoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TREM2 (i.e. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is a microglial transmembra...

    Authors: Nicolai Franzmeier, M. Suárez-Calvet, Lukas Frontzkowski, Annah Moore, Timothy J. Hohman, Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez, Brigitte Nuscher, Leslie Shaw, John Q. Trojanowski, Martin Dichgans, Gernot Kleinberger, Christian Haass and Michael Ewers
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:57
  34. Tau neurofibrillary tangle pathology characterizes Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. Brain gene expression profiles can reveal mechanisms; however, few studies have systematically ex...

    Authors: Carl Grant Mangleburg, Timothy Wu, Hari K. Yalamanchili, Caiwei Guo, Yi-Chen Hsieh, Duc M. Duong, Eric B. Dammer, Philip L. De Jager, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Zhandong Liu and Joshua M. Shulman
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:56
  35. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is regarded as the first clinical manifestation in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. Investigating populations with SCD is important for understanding the early patholo...

    Authors: Xiaoqi Wang, Weijie Huang, Li Su, Yue Xing, Frank Jessen, Yu Sun, Ni Shu and Ying Han
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:55
  36. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Xue Wang, Mariet Allen, Shaoyu Li, Zachary S. Quicksall, Tulsi A. Patel, Troy P. Carnwath, Joseph S. Reddy, Minerva M. Carrasquillo, Sarah J. Lincoln, Thuy T. Nguyen, Kimberly G. Malphrus, Dennis W. Dickson, Julia E. Crook, Yan W. Asmann and Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:54

    The original article was published in Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:38

  37. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent and costly neurodegenerative disorder. Although diverse lines of evidence suggest that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in its causation, the precis...

    Authors: Erik C. B. Johnson, Kaitlyn Ho, Gui-Qiu Yu, Melanie Das, Pascal E. Sanchez, Biljana Djukic, Isabel Lopez, Xinxing Yu, Michael Gill, Weiping Zhang, Jeanne T. Paz, Jorge J. Palop and Lennart Mucke
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:53
  38. Microglia-specific genetic variants are enriched in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), implicating a central role for alterations of the innate immune system in the disease...

    Authors: Mari Takalo, Rebekka Wittrahm, Benedikt Wefers, Samira Parhizkar, Kimmo Jokivarsi, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Petra Mäkinen, Henna Martiskainen, Wolfgang Wurst, Xianyuan Xiang, Mikael Marttinen, Pekka Poutiainen, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Mikko Hiltunen and Christian Haass
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:52
  39. Pathological forms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are present in motor neurons of almost all amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and mutations in TDP-43 are also present in ALS. Loss and gain...

    Authors: Anna Konopka, Donna R. Whelan, Md Shafi Jamali, Emma Perri, Hamideh Shahheydari, Reka P. Toth, Sonam Parakh, Tina Robinson, Alison Cheong, Prachi Mehta, Marta Vidal, Audrey M. G. Ragagnin, Ivan Khizhnyak, Cyril J. Jagaraj, Jasmin Galper, Natalie Grima…
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:51
  40. Disruption of β-amyloid (Aβ) homeostasis is the initial culprit in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Astrocytes respond to emerging Aβ plaques by altering their phenotype and function, yet molecular mecha...

    Authors: Joanna E. Pankiewicz, Jenny R. Diaz, Mitchell Martá-Ariza, Anita M. Lizińczyk, Leor A. Franco and Martin J. Sadowski
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:50
  41. α-Synuclein (aSyn) aggregation is thought to play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders termed synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mouse aSyn contains a threonine residue at position...

    Authors: Natalie Landeck, Katherine E. Strathearn, Daniel Ysselstein, Kerstin Buck, Sayan Dutta, Siddhartha Banerjee, Zhengjian Lv, John D. Hulleman, Jagadish Hindupur, Li-Kai Lin, Sonal Padalkar, Lia A. Stanciu, Yuri L. Lyubchenko, Deniz Kirik and Jean-Christophe Rochet
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:49
  42. Glaucoma is a leading neurodegenerative disease affecting over 70 million individuals worldwide. Early pathological events of axonal degeneration and retinopathy in response to elevated intraocular pressure (I...

    Authors: Prabhavathi Maddineni, Ramesh B. Kasetti, Pinkal D. Patel, J. Cameron Millar, Charles Kiehlbauch, Abbot F. Clark and Gulab S. Zode
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:48
  43. Neuronal accumulation of misfolded microtubule-associated protein tau is a hallmark of neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and other tauopathies, and has been a therapeutic target. ...

    Authors: Zhi Ruan, Jean-Christophe Delpech, Srinidhi Venkatesan Kalavai, Alicia A. Van Enoo, Jianqiao Hu, Seiko Ikezu and Tsuneya Ikezu
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:47
  44. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of death in adults with Down syndrome (DS). There is an urgent need for objective markers of AD in the DS population to improve early diagnosis and monitor disease p...

    Authors: Olivia Belbin, Mei-Fang Xiao, Desheng Xu, Maria Carmona-Iragui, Jordi Pegueroles, Bessy Benejam, Laura Videla, Susana Fernández, Isabel Barroeta, Raúl Nuñez-Llaves, Victor Montal, Eduard Vilaplana, Miren Altuna, Jordi Clarimón, Daniel Alcolea, Rafael Blesa…
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:46
  45. Identified as an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) susceptibility gene by genome wide-association studies, BIN1 has 10 isoforms that are expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS). The distribution of these isoforms in...

    Authors: Mariko Taga, Vladislav A. Petyuk, Charles White, Galina Marsh, Yiyi Ma, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Sarah M. Connor, Alexandra Kroshilina, Christina J. Yung, Anthony Khairallah, Marta Olah, Julie Schneider, Kyle Karhohs, Anne E. Carpenter, Richard Ransohoff, David A. Bennett…
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:44
  46. Based on amyloid cascade and tau hypotheses, protein biomarkers of different Aβ and tau species in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood/plasma/serum have been examined to correlate with brain pathology. Recentl...

    Authors: Hong Wang, Kaushik Kumar Dey, Ping-Chung Chen, Yuxin Li, Mingming Niu, Ji-Hoon Cho, Xusheng Wang, Bing Bai, Yun Jiao, Surendhar Reddy Chepyala, Vahram Haroutunian, Bin Zhang, Thomas G. Beach and Junmin Peng
    Citation: Molecular Neurodegeneration 2020 15:43